                     Battles of Napolean
             Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI)

                      Scenerio Overviews
        Compiled by: David Landrey, Novastar Games
                           
                           
                           ALBUERA
                              
      Authors: Mike Musser, Richard Hooks, Gunter Meyer
                              
                ALBUERA HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
                              
    In  May 1811 Marshall Soult was in the process of moving
troops  to  relieve Badajoz which was under seige.  Marshall
Beresford  moved 35000 troops to intercept Soult's  advance.
Beresford took up position at the river crossings  near  the
village  of  Albuera  which was located  along  the  Albuera
River.  He  then waited for the French to attack. Soult  had
only  24260  men and 48 artillery pieces. He sent  a  strong
force  of  infantry  against  the  bridge  and  village.  In
addition  he sent his cavalry and more infantry  farther  to
the south to cross the fords there. The French force of 4000
Cavalry  and  19  infantry battalions scattered  the  weaker
Spanish  troops  holding this area of the  battlefield.  The
French  were  threatening  to  roll  up  the  Allied   line.
Beresford  ordered General Blake to form a  defensive  right
flank,  but  he maneuvered only four battalions against  two
French divisions. The Spanish forces gallantly held off  the
French  columns  giving  time  for  General  Stewart's   2nd
division  to  reinforce. Colbourne's  brigade  suffered  60%
casualties against the French when charged in the  flank  by
Polish  Lancers.  The Spanish line still  held.  The  French
attacked  again  in  a  huge  column  with  close  artillery
support.  The Spanish Houghton's brigade lost 80%  of  their
force. Sir Henry Hardinge and General Lowry Cole brought  up
an  additional 4000 men on their own initiative  and  helped
repulse  the French attack. A charge by the Fusilier Brigade
routed  the  French. After the French were  cleared  out  of
Albuera, the battle was over. In just four hours the  French
had lost 8000 men, while the Allies lost 6000.

                         AUSTERLITZ

                 Author: J. Ashley Brown III

              AUSTERLITZ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

      The battle of Austerlitz occurred on December 2, 1805.
Napoleon  had about 73200 men and 139 artillery  guns  while
the  Allied army commanded by General Kutusov deployed 85400
men  and  278  artillery pieces. On December 1, the  Russian
army  pressed forward and occupied the Pratzen Heights which
the  French had previously abandoned. Napoleon anchored  his
left  flank with Lannes on the Santon hill. Soult's IV Corps
held  the  villages near the Bosenitz and Goldbach  streams.
Davout's recently arrived division held the right flank. The
front was nearly five miles long. Napoleon's cavalry, Guard,
and  reserves were hidden on the French left wing  behind  a
hill.  The Allied General Buxwoden advanced 60000 men  south
and  west  of  the Pratzen Heights while 17600 men  attacked
towards Santon hill in the north. The Russian Imperial Guard
with 8500 men was held as reserve in the center. By 9:00  AM
Napoleon  ordered Marshall Soult's two divisions  to  attack
southeast   towards  the  Heights.  He  was   supported   by
Bernodotte's  corps on the left. Meanwhile a  large  cavalry
action  occurred in the north by Santon hill.  At  10:30  AM
Kutusov attacked Soult's divisions, but they managed to hold
by  the  strategic placement of artillery. At  1:00  PM  the
Russian  Guard routed Soult's troops from the  hill.  French
cavlary then charged repulsing the Russian Guard. Bernodotte
threw  in a division to hold the center. The French Imperial
Guard  advanced southeast onto the Pratzen Heights and  then
turned southwest to envelop Buxhaden's men. The Allied  left
flank  was  routed. The French had lost 8300 men, while  the
Russian  army  lost  16000  men, 11000  prisoners,  and  180
artillery pieces.
                           CORUNNA

                   Author: Thomas Sparhawk

                CORUNNA HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     In November of 1807 the French invaded Portugal, by way
of  Spain,  in an attempt to solidify Napoleon's Continental
Blockade of England. All other powers on the continent  were
controlled  by  Napoleon  or  paying  lip  service  to  him.
Realizing  that Spain was barely pretending to  enforce  the
blockade,  and that the Spanish monarchs were getting  ready
to  change  sides, Napoleon imprisoned the Spanish  monarchs
and invaded Spain.
     The British landed at Portugal with Arthur Wellesley in
temporary command. After the Battles of Rolica and  Vimiero,
Wellesley had the Army of Portugal trapped and was preparing
to  annihilate  it.  His  immediate  superiors  arrived  and
allowed  the French to go home on British ships.  All  three
British  commanders were brought home to be  court-martialed
and  Sir  John  Moore  became commander  of  the  Peninsular
expedition.
     Hearing  mistaken  information from  the  Spanish,  and
thinking Soult's corps was overextended and could be trapped
and  destroyed,  Moore  invaded northern  Spain.  It  was  a
serious  mistake that would tarnish his memory for  decades.
The  French had just crushed the northern Spanish armies and
were  heading south. Napoleon wanted a British  defeat  more
than  many  Spanish ones, and saw a chance to finally  fight
back  against  his mortal enemies. The French  converged  on
Moore's small force. Moore retreated desperately towards the
nearest  fleet.  Napoleon himself  followed  until  news  of
Austrian  aggression  urged him  home.  The  retreat  was  a
nightmare.  Moore  barely arrived at La Coruna,  with  Soult
close behind.
     As  the  troops  were preparing to embark,  the  French
arrived. Moore placed most of his troops on the heights near
Elvina, with others guarding his right flank. Soult made  no
attempt at maneuver. Leaving his cavalry to protect his left
flank,  Soult charged headlong into the British. The  Rifles
were  in the village, but the French column drove them  out.
The  French  then split into two columns, one  advancing  on
Baird's division, the other trying to outflank it. The  42nd
and  50th  were  sent forward and fired  into  one  column's
exposed flank. That column could not break through the light
infantry, and ground to a halt. Moore then ordered  Fraser's
Division  to  go up the valley past the French cavalry,  and
outflank the attackers.
     The 42nd and 50th drove the French back into Elvina and
out  the  otherside. Moore sent forward a battalion  of  the
guards. Baird was here hit by grapeshot in the arm and  left
the  field. Moore then ordered the 42nd to charge  with  the
bayonet.  The British in the valley had repulsed the  French
cavalry effectively and were stopping the second column.  It
looked as if it were about to retreat. At this moment  Moore
was fatally wounded and taken to La Coruna.
     The French retreated. Soult's troops were so badly hurt
that  they made no attempt to stop the British from boarding
the  rest of their troops the next day. The British  escaped
to  England,  and Arthur Wellesley returned to  command  the
rest  of  the  Allied  forces  in  Portugal.  As  important,
Napoleon  never  returned  to  Spain  to  finish   off   the
Spaniards.
     Cavalry don't charge as often as normal. Infantry forms
squares  more often than normal. Redoubts are 60%  fire  and
80%  melee  as a target square. The 1/6th had 391  deserters
before  it  ever  went into combat, and was  considered  the
worst battalion in the army. The 2/59th lost 143 men in  the
Corunna campaign.
    French player goes first. The French AI should be set to
Counterattack-Analyze.  Allied AI  should  be  set  to  Hold
Positions-Analyze.

                           CRAONNE

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

                CRAONNE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     The disastrous campaign in Russia cost 200,000 soldiers
of  the 600,000 French army. The Prussians deserted, and the
Austrians  absconded into Austria, forcing the  Saxons  with
them.  Combined  with  the  massive  desertions  among   the
survivers,  and  a large number of men in the  hospital,  as
well  as many men guarding fortified depots, La Grande Armee
was down to 40,000 men. But the French still had 400,000 men
in  Spain,  France and Italy. Napoleon created a  second  La
Grande Armee.
     Drafting men from the classes of 1813 and 1814, as well
as  many  men  from  Spain and Italy, Napoleon  launched  an
attack  against  the  combined Prussians  and  Russians.  At
Lutzen his young troops held their ground and won a decisive
victory, but lack of cavalry prevented him from chasing them
down.  At Bautzen he nearly annihilated the enemy,  but  the
trap was not closed by a slow moving Ney. Napoleon agreed to
an armistice, so he could round up stragglers and reform his
army.   Unfortunately,  Wellington's  victory   at   Vitoria
convinced the Austrians it was time to go to war.
    The new round opened with Blucher defeating Macdonald at
the  Katzbach, and capturing 15,000 men and 100 guns in  the
process.  Napoleon  achieved  a  great  victory  at  Dresden
causing 38,000 casualties to his own 10,000. It would be his
last  victory in Germany. Oudinot was defeated by Bernadotte
at  Gross  Beeren.  Vandamme was defeated by  Ostermann  and
Kleist  at  Kulm, losing half his corps and  being  captured
himself.  Ney  was  defeated  by  Bernadotte  at  Dennewitz.
Napoleon's  victory  was  wasted  by  other's  defeats.   He
retreated to Leipzig and caused 54,000 casualties to his own
38,000,  but 30,000 more were captured when the only  bridge
was  blown  up  before they could cross. All of  the  German
allies  and  most  of  the Poles had now defected.  Napoleon
crushed the Bavarians at Hanau as he returned to France.
     Napoleon now had to create a third army in 2 years.  He
took  a few more troops from Italy and Spain, called up more
men  from  previous  classes, and  raised  the  old  cry  of
patriotism. He would never lead more than 70,000 men  during
the campaign, and usually not over 40,000.
     The allies started into France, but Napoleon struck the
first  blow.  Napoleon  badly  mauled  Blucher  at  Brienne.
Following with 40,000 men, Napoleon ran into Schwarzenberg's
110,000  at  La  Rothiere, and barely  got  out  alive.  But
Blucher   was   still  careless.  At  Champaubert   Napoleon
destroyed  Olssufief's corps. Next day he drove back  Sacken
at Montmirail, and then pushed back Yorck. He attacked again
at  Chateau-Thierry the day after and drove the  two  across
the  Marne.  Two  days  later Napoleon  trapped  Blucher  at
Vauchamps, who barely fought his way out after losing  7,000
men.
     Napoleon turned south against Schwarzenberg. At  Nangis
he  surprised  Wittgenstein and sent his corps into  Wrede's
Bavarians.  The next day he defeated Eugene of  Wurttemberg.
Schwarzenberg   began  withdrawing.  Napoleon   went   after
Blucher,  but Schwarzenberg turned on Macdonald and defeated
him  at  Bar-sur-Aube. Napoleon meanwhile  was  coming  near
Craonne.
     During the night of 5-6 March Marmont and Mortier  fell
on   Blucher's  rearguard  at  Soisons  and  suffered   1500
casualties. Come morning P. Boyer began his march  on  Laon.
Meunier found the abbey of Vauclere occupied by Russians and
sent  two  battalions of Old Guard to drive  them  from  the
villages.  Caramon cleared the villages but  was  unable  to
take the plateau above. Napoleon ordered Caramon and Meunier
to  assault  together. Meunier took the  abbey,  but  had  a
desperate fight over the Heurtebise farm. The farm was taken
and  retaken  several times until it was firmly  in  Russian
hands. Caramon's foothold on the plateau forced the Russians
to  retreat  from  the eastern plateau with  the  coming  of
night.

    At 9 AM both sides opened fire with cannon. Ney launched
an  attack  on the Russian left when he heard  the  roar  of
cannons. He sent P. Boyer against Ailles and Meunier against
the  heights  to the SE. Unfortunately for the French,  this
flank attack began before the Russians were pinned in place.
Meunier  lost heavily before Victor arrived and sent  B.  de
Rebeval  to  support  him. Nansouty  was  sent  against  the
Russian  right  flank.  A  fire  in  Heurtebise  caused  the
Russians to abandon it.
     By  10  AM  Meunier  and P. Boyer  had  taken  terrible
artillery  losses  due to the fact Ney's artillery  couldn't
keep  up  with the infantry. By 11:30 the artillery  arrived
and   relieved  some  pressure  off  the  infantry,  causing
grevious  damage  on  the Russian left.  Meanwhile  Nansouty
defeated   2000  cavalry  and  cossacks  and  two   infantry
battalions sent against him in the south.
     At  noon  Boyer  de Rebeval attacked the  Bois  Marion,
capturing  the wood and relieving Meunier's division.  Boyer
de  Rebeval and Meunier reached the plateau. By  1  PM  they
were  in  grave  danger of being pushed back off.  South  of
Ailles  a  Russian  battery  was  causing  the  French  high
casualties.  Sparre's  dragoons charged  the  battery,  both
Sparre  and Grouchy being wounded. Meunier's men  fled  back
down  the hill. Boyer de Rebeval's men retreated to the Bois
Marion and rallied.
     At  1:45 PM the cavalry guard charged the Russian  guns
across the Chemin des Dames. They reached the artillery  but
were driven back. Charpentier's division had taken the Boise
de  Quatre  Heures.  By  2:30 PM Charpentier  had  contacted
Nansouty and they started forcing the Russians back. Rebeval
and  the  guard placed their guns between the two woods  and
started  hammering the Russian lines. Nansouty  charged  the
Russian  cavalry  and pushed them back, but  was  forced  to
retire.  Ney  got  Meunier  back on  the  plateau.  Napoleon
ordered up reserve artillery to join the grand battery.
     The massed 88 guns poured grape at 400 yards, while  P.
Boyer  assaulted  Ailles.  Nansouty  and  the  rest  of  the
infantry  pressed the Russians. Belliard took over Grouchy's
troops   and   started  to  turn  the   Russians   but   was
counterattacked. Belliard was driven back. P. Boyer was sent
against  them.  The Russians fell back all along  the  line,
covered by their cavalry. The French pursued until 7 or 8 PM
and quit.
     After  defeating  the  rearguard at  Craonne,  Napoleon
attacked  Blucher  at Laon and lost, Marmont's  corps  being
almost   destroyed   while  he  was   sleeping   comfortably
elsewhere. An enraged Napoleon told Marmont what he  thought
of   Marmont's  generalship.  A  few  days  later   Napoleon
destroyed  a  Prussian  corps at Rheims.  Then  he  met  the
Austrians at Arcis-sur-Aube and won. But Marmont and Mortier
were  overrun at La Fere-Champenoise. With fighting  in  the
streets of Paris, Marmont, still angered at the words he had
with Napoleon at Laon, agreed to march into allied lines and
surrender. Paris was captured. His marshals refusing to obey
orders  to liberate Paris, Napoleon abdicated for the  first
time.

     The  loss  of Germany removed the only source  of  good
horses   in   Europe.  All  French  cavalry  has   10   less
effectiveness due to poorer horses. Losses to  the  Imperial
Guard  caused some reduction in effectiveness to  artillery,
cavalry  and  the Young Guard. French casualties  are  worth
more  points  to  the allied player than is  usual.  Cavalry
charges   less  frequently.  Infantry  forms  squares   more
frequently.

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
     Conv  stands  for  converged.  The  Russians  had  been
fighting the French for almost two years straight, and  many
units were experienced, and reduced to one battalion.
      French  player  moves  first.  French  AI  should   be
Counterattack-Analyze.  Allied   player   should   be   Hold
Positions-Analyze.

                       ASPERN-ESSLING

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt ASPERN-ESSLING

            HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     While  heading after Moore in Spain, Napoleon  received
news  that  the Austrians were finally on the  move  against
him.  He left Spain before the battle of Corunna, and missed
destroying  Moore's corps. But he arrived just  in  time  to
stop  the  French army from being destroyed by the  Archduke
Charles  of  Austria.  In  five days  Napoleon  fought  five
different  battles  and turned a strategic  blunder  into  a
series  of  victories. The Austrians were badly mauled,  but
they  retreated  behind  the Danube  before  they  could  be
destroyed.  They had had 20,000 casualties and 15,000  taken
prisoner.
     Capturing the island of Lobau, Napoleon built a pontoon
bridge  across the river. The bridge had no protection  from
fireships. And good weather caused a great deal of  snow  to
melt  in  the  mountains. Napoleon waited in  vain  for  the
25,000  Russians Czar Alexander had promised him.  With  the
bridges  finished, Napoleon sent Lasalle and Molitor  across
to  push  outward as far as possible. The rest of  Massena's
corps  followed. A boat smashed into the bridge  and  halted
the  crossing. Napoleon was convinced the Austrians were far
away. There wasn't so much as a campfire.
     The  next day the bridge was repaired and Lannes' corps
got  across.  The Austrians formed up behind  hilly  ground,
attacking  at  noon.  Three Austrian columns  moved  against
Aspern,  two  against  Essling.  The  French  had  only   12
battalions  at  Aspern  against 54 Austrian.  At  3  PM  the
Austrians  were within range. Fighting for the two  villages
was  vicious. Both were taken and retaken many times in  the
next four hours. Only supreme effort by French cavalry saved
the day. Charging infantry one moment, cavalry the next, and
artillery  the moment after, the French cavalry  managed  to
keep  the  infantry  from being overwhelmed.  D'Espagne  was
killed in a cavalry battle.
     At  6  PM another damaged bridge was repaired  and  St.
Cyr's  division  arrived. At 7 PM Nansouty's  heavy  cavalry
came  across and charged the Austrian guns. Night  fell  and
Essling  was still in French hands. But half of  Aspern  had
been  lost.  The Guard artillery on Lobau could  not  get  a
clear field of fire.
     The  bridge  broke  again and Napoleon  sent  his  last
reserve to support Aspern. Learning that the center  of  the
Austrian  line  was  made up of landwehr,  Napoleon  ordered
Lannes  to attack there. The French broke the Austrian  line
in  two,  but  Archduke Charles personally lead his  cavalry
against  Lannes.  The French were stopped. Napoleon  learned
the  bridge was permanently out of action and pulled  Lannes
back.  Charles ordered Dedovich to assault Essling  for  the
8th  time.  Rapp  with 2 battalions of  the  Imperial  Guard
convinced Mouton to countercharge the Austrians, and between
them they broke the Austrian assault.
     The  French retreated. The Austrians let them.  In  the
last  hours  of  the  retreat Marshal  Lannes  was  mortally
wounded.  St. Hilaire died a few days later. Napoleon  would
have  to  wait  until July before he could finally  end  the
campaign.

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
   The Guard artillery was actually on Lobau island, and was
blocked  much  of  the time by the large  number  of  French
troops  in  the area. Demont did not actually fight  in  the
battle, his job was to protect the bridges. After the battle
Demont's division was distributed among the army to make  up
for  casualties. It ceased to exist. The 8/5 weapon uses row
23,  the 6/9 weapon uses row 24, and the 6/7 weapon uses row
26 on the Weapon/Range Casualty Chart.
     The  EKL  is  the Archduke 30 Legion. Grenz  units  are
German  border units trained to skirmish. The  #97  I  Corps
unit  is a combination of men from regiments with more  than
the  3000  maximum.  The V.F. units are Vienna  Freiwilliger
volunteer  militia. Polish units were formed  from  Austrian
occupied Galicia.
     French  AI  should  be  Hold Positions-Analyze.  Allied

Player should move first. Allied AI should be Counterattack

Automatic.



                            EYLAU

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

                 EYLAU HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

    When  Napoleon  became Emperor of the French  he  needed
something  to solidify his power. Napoleon had seized  power
after  his  return from Egypt just after Massena  had  saved
France  from  annihilation. This rivalry, and  his  need  to
expand  the French borders, caused him to look for  trouble.
He  had  gathered all the armies into La Grande Armee  under
the  pretext  of invading England, but he really  wanted  to
train  them for the war he hoped to provoke. Austria,  which
had lost to Napoleon in two Italian campaigns, was the first
to seek revenge.
    Thinking  Napoleon would fight in terrain he  knew,  the
Austrians  sent  large  armies  into  Italy  while  Napoleon
entered through Germany. Napoleon went past Mack at Ulm, and
would  have  been in bad trouble had not Archduke  Ferdinand
refused  to  fight.  Napoleon returned to  siege  Mack,  and
Ferdinand escaped with 6000 men, while 35,000 others fled to
the  Tyrol. Murat chased down Ferdinand and Mack got  penned
in. Mack refused to surrender or negotiate, but his officers
disobeyed him and surrendered in his name. In 1797 Mack  had
surrendered  to the French to escape his own  soldiers.  The
only  man  willing to fight Napoleon would have  his  career
ruined by an incompetent archduke and disloyal officers.
    The  Russians began retreating until Czar Alexander took
over command. Napoleon looked for the ideal battlefield  for
a  spectacular victory and waited for the allies  to  attack
him.  His  plan at Austerlitz was so spectacular,  that  had
Murat done as he was told, there would have been no fighting
in  1806-1807,  and  probably not in  1812.  It  was  to  be
Napoleon's best battle, and end the war with Austria.
    The  Prussians, meanwhile had been watching the fighting
with  interest. Having conflicting interests  with  Austria,
the  Prussians  wanted  better concessions  from  France  by
defeating  Napoleon  after  he  had  taken  territory   from
Austria.  With the war in Austria over, the Prussians  began
to  arm  and  movedagainst France, thinking the French  Army
would  have gone home. Napoleon was expecting Prussia to  go
to war, and had left La Grande Armee in Germany.
    As  the Prussians were marching against Napoleon he  was
outflanking  them. They began to retreat  causing  the  twin
battles  of  Jena  and  Auerstadt.  Thoroughly  mauled,  the
Prussian  army  was  chased down and annihilated  before  it
could  recover. All of Prussia was occupied,  and  only  one
corps was left to fight the French.
    With  Russia at the border of Poland, and Prussia nearly
out  of  the  war,  Napoleon moved into  Poland  for  winter
quarters. The Russians attacked in the hope of catching  the
French  spread out, but Napoleon outflanked them and  caused
them  to  retreat. After a series of large delaying actions,
the Russians finally made a stand at Preussich-Eylau.
    As  night was arriving Napoleon had the Russians  pushed
off  the  heights  overlooking the town.  Murat  impetuously
followed the retreating Russians, Soult's men charged after,
and  Russian  cavalry  mauled French infantry.  After  eight
hours of vicious fighting in the cold, the French took Eylau
and  used it to shelter from the bitter cold, while  wounded
Russians froze to death.
    On  the eighth Napoleon prepared to wait for Davout, Ney
and  Bernadotte, but the Russians began an artillery barrage
and  started  to  attack Napoleon's left flank.  Wanting  to
regain  the initiative, Napoleon ordered Augereau to advance
up  the  center  without  preparation.  He  got  lost  in  a
snowstorm  and wandered into a massed Russian  battery.  The
Russians  followed  with  cavalry and  infantry.  The  corps
disintegrated.   With  no  center   and   the   enemy   fast
approaching,  the imperial guard destroyed a column  heading
towards Napoleon, while Murat performed the greatest cavalry
charge of the Napoleonic wars.
    Davout began to arrive and pushed back the Russian  left
flank. The imperial guard were now the center. The Prussians
arrived on the Russian right flank and travelled all the way
over to the Russian left flank. When they arrived Davout was
pushed back until he formed a massed battery which kept  the
Prussians at bay. Ney arrived late and did little more  than
defeat  the  Prussian rearguard before rejoining the  French
left flank.
    The  battle  was  a disaster for the French.  Augereau's
corps  was disbanded among the other corps and 25,000 French
were casualties. The Allies lost 15,000 men. This began  the
decline  of the greatest army of the Napoleonic era.  German
auxiliaries  were  desperately organized to  replace  French
losses. Friedland would be their first taste of battle. That
decisive battle would end in the Treaty of Tilsit.  Had  the
Russians  been  defeated  more  decisively  at  any  of  the
battles,  the  invasion of Russia in 1812  would  have  been
unnecessary.
                       SCENARIO NOTES
    The  Russians  should move first. The  Russian  computer
player  should be set to Hold Positions-Analyze  The  French
computer player should be set to Counterattack-Analyze.
                            JENA

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

                 JENA HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

    During the 1805 campaign against Russia and Austria, the
Prussians  had  been  convinced to join the  Allies  against
Napoleon.  The creation of the Confederation  of  the  Rhine
threatened  them.  But  the movement of  Bernadotte's  Corps
through Ansbach was a violation of their neutrality. So  the
Prussians  sent  Napoleon an ultimatum in a way  that  would
disagree with him. The ultimatum arrived several days before
the  battle of Austerlitz, and Napoleon refused to  see  the
messenger  until  the battle was over. The messenger  wisely
changed  the  message  to  one of congratulations.  Napoleon
punished  Prussia for this with humiliating terms. And  with
no army mobilized to defend herself, Prussia had to accept.
     In  1806 Napoleon offered Hanover to England in  return
for  peace, after already promising it to Prussia. This  was
the  last  straw.  Queen Louise would  stand  for  no  more.
Napoleon  would  call  her  the only  man  in  Prussia.  The
Prussians  occupied Saxony, while hotheads  sharpened  their
swords  on  the  French  embassy  steps  in  Berlin.  Saxony
reluctantly agreed to join Prussia against Napoleon once  it
realized it could not remain neutral. Napoleon called up the
class of 1806. War had begun.
     While the Prussian high command debated every plan that
came up, Napoleon was acting. He formed his corps in a large
square  and  headed  through Bamberg and the  Thuringerwald.
Lannes  ran  into  the troops of Prince Louis  Ferdinand  at
Saalfeld  and  overran  them, the  Prince  being  killed  in
combat. Napoleon expected to give battle near Erfurt on  the
16th. But on the 13th Lannes found himself in front of  what
appeared  to be the whole Prussian Army, and his  corps  was
all  alone.  Napoleon  gave  orders  during  the  night  for
everyone to hurry towards Jena. There would be a battle  the
next day.
     Lannes began an attack on Closewitz at 6:30 AM. Due  to
intense fog, his troops veered to the left and hit the  road
between Closewitz and Lutzeroda. The infantry slugged it out
for  over  2 hours, while 28 French guns fought it out  with
the  Prussian  artillery. Suchet took most of Closewitz  and
much  of  the  road  to  Lutzeroda. Gazan  was  repulsed  at
Lutzeroda, but the Prussians abandoned the village to form a
new     line.    Lannes    continued    attacking    towards
Vierzehnheilegen,  taking  the  village  and  much  of   the
Dornberg  heights as well. But a counterattack  by  Prussian
cavalry  and  infantry pushed the French back  to  the  road
between Lutzeroda and Closewitz, taking both villages in the
process.
    Meanwhile Soult was pushing through the Closewitz woods.
Prussian light infantry was no match for French tirailleurs,
and  the  French cleared the woods by 8:15. As Soult  headed
toward  Rodigen,  his  troops  were  hit  in  the  flank  by
Holtzendorff's cavalry and infantry. Holtzendorff decided to
pull  back to a new position. Soult's light infantry  caught
the   Prussians  in  the  act,  and  they  began  to  break.
Holtzendorff  ordered  a  general retreat.  Guyot's  cavalry
caught  one Prussian column, capturing two colours, 6  guns,
and 400 prisoners.
     Ney  arrived  on the field at 9:30, personally  leading
3,000 of the best troops in his command. Ordered to the east
of  Veirzehnheilegen, Ney attacked to its west,  taking  the
burning  village from the startled Prussians, who  had  just
pushed out Lannes. He captured the Steinmetz battery, pushed
away two cavalry regiments, and started to take the Dornberg
heights. But the Prussians counterattacked with 45 squadrons
and  11  battalions, supported by 35 cannon  and  the  Saxon
Division.  Ney's  cavalry was chased off, and  the  Prussian
cavalry  went  around his squares and into the French  rear.
Ney was surrounded.
     Napoleon was aware of what had happened and ordered two
cavalry  regiments to counterattack, Lannes to support  Ney,
and  Augereau  to take Isserstedt and link with  Ney's  left
wing.   Lannes  pushed  into  Vierzehnheilegen  and  beyond,
linking  with Ney briefly before being forced back into  the
village.  Augereau took Isserstedt and linked up  with  Ney.
Ney  retreated to Isserstedt, out of ammunition. It was  now
11:30 AM.

     The Prussian advance stopped short of Veirzehnheilegen.
It  wasn't  the French shooting that stopped  them,  it  was
Hohenlohe's desire to wait for Ruchel's 15,000 men.  And  so
the  Prussians stayed in the open under heavy artillery fire
for  a  whole hour. At 12:30 PM Napoleon began his  coup  de
grace.  He  ordered  attacks on both  flanks,  to  push  the
Prussian  army off the roads they would retreat by.  At  the
same time all the French artillery moved forward to hit  the
Prussians with canister at close range. The Prussians  tried
to hold, but the advance of three corps against their center
caused them to fall back.
     Hohenlohe  ordered  a  general  withdrawal  to  another
position.  The Prussians started retreating well,  but  then
Napoleon  unleashed  Murat's heavy  cavalry  at  1:45.  Many
Prussians fled from the onslaught. Winkel's battalon  formed
a  square in the road to buy time, as did what was  left  of
Tauentzien's  Division. The Prussians  lost  8  colours,  16
cannon  and 2,500 more prisoners. By 2:30 PM the battle  for
Jena was over.
     But  Hohenlohe wasn't done making mistakes.  While  the
army  was  retreating  it  ran  into  Ruchel's  15,000  men.
Hohenlohe ordered it to attack the French instead of forming
a  rear-guard.  This  brought Lannes to  a  halt.  Soon  St.
Hilaire  started  outflanking Ruchel and he  began  to  fall
back.  Ruchel  tried to cover his retreat with cavalry,  but
artillery fire broke them up. Then Murat's cuirassiers  came
upon  the infantry, and they too fled to the rear. Half  the
Prussian army was in retreat.
     At the battle of Jena Napoleon's forces lost 5,000 men.
In  return, the Prussians had lost 10,000 casualties, 15,000
prisoners,  34 colours and 120 cannon. But the real  victory
had  been at Auerstadt. Bernadotte's corps, which fought  in
neither  battle, would head up the chase of  the  Prussians.
Within 60 days, only 10,000 Prussians would remain in  arms,
and all of Prussia would be conquered.
                       SCENARIO NOTES
    The 12/6/3 artillery type uses the same casualties as
weapon 24. The 12/6 artillery uses the same casualties as
weapon 6. French cavalry was not up to the standards of
European cavalry, mostly due to their inferior horses.
Napoleon also feared they would have trouble from the
Prussian cavalry and ordered them to stay close to the army.
French cavalry effectiveness is reduced to represent this.
     The  8/8H artillery uses the same casualties as  weapon
23.  The  6/7H artillery uses the same casualties as  weapon
26.  Cavalry charges less often. Infantry forms squares more
often. The jager companies are Valentini, Masars, Werner and
Kronheim. Artillery includes the Schulenburg heavy battery.
    French player goes first. The French AI should be set to
Counterattack-Analyze. Allied AI should be Hold Positions

Automatic.



                          LEIPZIG 1

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

               LEIPZIG 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

    The  German campaign of 1813 is remarkable in many ways.
After  losing  one  army Napoleon created  another  one  and
defeated the armies of the allies at Lutzen and Bautzen. The
allies  decided not to attack Napoleon himself,  but  fought
his subordinates and defeated them viciously at battles like
Gross  Beeren. Napoleon had several chances at  keeping  his
throne  but  threw  them  away. He was  finally  trapped  at
Leipzig in a 3-day battle which cost him his second army. He
then went on and built a third army.
    The  battle at Leipzig could have been a major  victory.
Napoleon  put  minor  forces to the north  as  a  rearguard,
expecting  Blucher to be too far away to arrive in  time  to
spoil  his  plans. He then pinned down the Army  of  Bohemia
with  the  intention of destroying it. After heavy  fighting
the French were causing serious damage to Schwarzenberg. But
Blucher  arrived in the north and pushed the French  out  of
Mockern,  and  Schwarzenberg sent  reserves  on  the  French
flank.  Having  to use up his reserves, Napoleon  could  not
achieve the victory he needed on the 16th.
    The  next  day  was  mostly spent in negotiations  while
Napoleon  waited  for the rest of his men.  But  the  allies
received even more reinforcements than Napoleon, and by  the
18th  he was on the defensive. The allies attacked all along
the front, giving and taking ground, but much of the day was
fought  by  artillery. Most of the Saxons  deserted  to  the
Allies.  By  nightfall the French had again given  far  more
casualties than received, and Napoleon pulled back to a line
he  had chosen earlier, closer to the city. During the  19th
the French began to retreat over the only bridge.
    As  the  French were crossing the bridge the  sounds  of
firing got nearer. A corporal of the guard was left to watch
the  bridge and lost his nerve, destroying the bridge  while
covered  with  troops. Over 30,000 men and 260  cannon  were
still  on  the  other  side. There was  bloody  hand-to-hand
fighting in the city, until the Russians allowed the  French
to surrender. The end of the Napoleonic Empire was just over
the horizon.
                       SCENARIO NOTES
    The  French  computer  player  should  be  set  to  Hold
Positions-Analyze. The Allied computer player should be  set
to  Counterattack-Random.  The  Allied  player  should  move
first.
                          LEIPZIG 2

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

               LEIPZIG 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     The German campaign of 1813 is remarkable in many ways.
After  losing  one  army Napoleon created  another  one  and
defeated the armies of the allies at Lutzen and Bautzen. The
allies  decided not to attack Napoleon himself,  but  fought
his subordinates and defeated them viciously at battles like
Gross  Beeren. Napoleon had several chances at  keeping  his
throne  but  threw  them  away. He was  finally  trapped  at
Leipzig in a 3-day battle which cost him his second army. He
then went on and built a third army.
     The  battle at Leipzig could have been a major victory.
Napoleon  put  minor  forces to the north  as  a  rearguard,
expecting  Blucher to be too far away to arrive in  time  to
spoil  his  plans. He then pinned down the Army  of  Bohemia
with  the  intention of destroying it. After heavy  fighting
the French were causing serious damage to Schwarzenberg. But
Blucher  arrived in the north and pushed the French  out  of
Mockern,  and  Schwarzenberg sent  reserves  on  the  French
flank.  Having  to use up his reserves, Napoleon  could  not
achieve the victory he needed on the 16th.
     The  next  day  was mostly spent in negotiations  while
Napoleon  waited  for the rest of his men.  But  the  allies
received even more reinforcements than Napoleon, and by  the
18th  he was on the defensive. The allies attacked all along
the front, giving and taking ground, but much of the day was
fought  by  artillery. Most of the Saxons  deserted  to  the
Allies.  By nightfall Napoleon had pulled back to a line  he
had  chosen earlier, closer to the city. During the 19th the
French began to retreat over the only bridge.
     As  the  French were crossing the bridge the sounds  of
firing got nearer. A corporal of the imperial guard was left
to  watch  the  bridge  and lost his nerve,  destroying  the
bridge  while covered with troops. Over 30,000 men  and  260
cannon were still on the other side. There was bloody  hand
to-hand   fighting  in  the  city,  until  the   French   to
surrendered. The end of the Napoleonic Empire was just  over
the horizon.

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
     Almost all of the Saxons deserted during the later part
of  this battle. You may attempt to remove them from  battle
on the 11th turn if you want to reflect this. Souham's Corps
moved  back  and forth all day without entering battle.  You
may  keep  them out off the front line to reflect this.  The
6/9 weapons use #24 on the Weapon/Range Casualty Chart.
     Though there is a large number of Allied cavalry in the
scenario,   cavalry  charges  occur  less  frequently,   and
infantry forming squares occurs more frequently. The  rocket
weapon  uses #25 on the Weapon/Range Casualty Chart.  Rocket
casualties should be considered just missing. The  commander
of the Rocket Troop was killed at Leipzig.
    The Allied player should move first. Allied AI should be
Counterattack  Random. French AI should  be  Hold  Positions
Analyze.
                            LIGNY

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

                 LIGNY HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     Napoleon began his last campaign with a brilliance  not
to  be found later in the campaign. He shut down the borders
and stopped all mail, and replaced troops so inconspicuously
that no one noticed any change. Though the allied commanders
knew  what  he was likely to do, they were caught completely
by  suprise.  Large  masses of campfires  were  reported  by
Prussian  patrols,  but General Ziethen ordered  only  local
precautions. Reaching the border on June 14th, Napoleon gave
command  of the left wing to Marshal Ney and the right  wing
to Marshal Grouchy.
     The  next  day  the campaign began  with  a  series  of
blunders.  The III and VI Corps got entangled and lost  five
hours getting sorted out. Division general Bourmont deserted
to  the  Prussians, seriously undermining the morale of  his
men. Napoleon himself took command of the Imperial Guard and
forced Ziethen to retreat. Tough fighting throughout the day
caused  600 French casualties and 2000 Prussian. The emperor
again  had  to  go  to the front to break the  stalemate  at
Gilly.  By  the  end of the day Napoleon's  right  wing  had
barely  entered Fleurus, and his left stopped just short  of
Quatre  Bras.  Wellington ordered his men to the  south  and
west  of  Brussels  (out  of Napoleon's  way),  and  Blucher
decided to concentrate all his men at Sombreffe, just  north
of Ligny. Prince Bernard of Saxe-Weimar disobeyed Wellington
and kept his 4,000 Nassauers at Quatre Bras.
     Napoleon  had expected to defeat Wellington first,  but
news  of the entire Prussian army consolidating within reach
excited  him  more.  He  would  destroy  the  Prussian  army
tomorrow.  Ney,  on  the other hand, had  been  defeated  by
Wellington in the Spanish campaign, and thought Quatre  Bras
was  full of troops ready to ambush him. This mistake  would
keep  the  Prussians from being destroyed the next day,  and
was  the  first of many major occurrences that  would  cause
Napoleon his last campaign.
     On  the  16th began the first two of four battles  that
would  decide  the  fate of Europe. At 2  p.m.  Ney  finally
attempted  to take Quatre Bras, after receiving a note  from
Napoleon expressing suprise that he had not taken the hamlet
as  ordered. About 20,000 men and 60 guns attacked 8,000 men
and  16  guns.  Still afraid of an ambush,  Ney  waited  for
another corps to arrive before pushing onward. While he  was
wasting  his  opportunity, 13,000 allied  troops  reinforced
Quatre Bras.
     Napoleon  started  the battle of  Ligny  at  2:30  p.m.
Grouchy's cavalry tried to pin down Thielemann's III  Corps,
while  Vandamme  led  4 divisions against  St.  Armand,  and
Gerard  sent 2 divisions to pin down the Prussians at  Ligny
and caused them to draw upon their reserve. French artillery
pounded  the  Prussian II Corps troops held in reserve,  and
exposed  on  the  facing hillsides. Fighting  was  extremely
heavy  along  the brook and many commanders were  killed  or
wounded.  Napoleon requested D'Erlon's Corps from Ney,  then
remembered  he  had  left 10,000 men  of  the  VI  Corps  at
Charleroi, and ordered them to Ligny as well. General Girard
was killed at St. Armand and a small foothold was gained  at
Ligny.
     At  4 p.m. Ney received Napoleon's order to take Quatre
Bras  immediately.  He decided to send in  D'Erlon's  Corps.
That Corps was right now about to take Blucher in the flank,
being  ordered  to  Ligny by an aide  to  Napoleon,  without
informing  Ney.  Ney  did not know  this,  and  after  being
counterattacked by General Alten's 3rd Division, ordered the
men  back  to  Quatre  Bras. The  Corps  would  have  proven
decisive at either battlefield, but would not participate at
all  this  day.  So  Napoleon lost  his  chance  to  destroy
Blucher's  army (less the IV Corps). At 6 p.m.  Ney  finally
found  out  about Napoleon's request for D'Erlon  and  threw
himself  into  the  front-line  fighting  in  despair.  This
achieved  nothing,  and Wellington counterattacked  at  6:30
p.m.
     Meanwhile Blucher had launched a counterattack  at  St.
Armand  and recaptured part of it. Napoleon sent  the  Young
Guard  to  throw them out. At 7 p.m. 60 guns fired into  the
Prussians  while  the  Imperial Guard attacked  Ligny.  With
Milhaud's  cavalry  to  the guard's left,  the  Guard  heavy
cavalry  followed them through the resulting  gap.  After  6
hours  of  fighting  the Prussian lines broke,  but  Blucher
personally  lead 32 squadrons of cavalry in a  counterattack
which gave the infantry a few more minutes to retreat.
     By  9  p.m. both battles were over. At Quatre Bras  the
Allies  had  regained almost all the ground  they  had  lost
during the day, at the cost of 5,000 casualties and the Duke
of  Brunswick. Amazingly, the French lost only 4,000 men  in
the   same  battle.  At  Ligny  the  Prussians  left  16,000
casualties and 21 guns, as well as a stunned Blucher. Though
Blucher  later escaped to his own troops, while he was  away
the  army  would retreat in the wrong direction,  away  from
Wellington,  and  10,000  men would  desert.  Napoleon  lost
11,500  men  in  the  battle, the 7th Infantry  Division  so
mauled  it  was  left behind at Ligny for the  rest  of  the
campaign.
     The  third disaster of the campaign was about to occur.
With Blucher defeated Wellington had to retreat to Waterloo.
Had  Ney attacked him before noon, he would have been locked
in battle for Napoleon to pounce on from the flank and rear.
Had Napoleon not waited until 11 a.m. to get moving he could
have  enagaged Wellington in battle. But at 11 a.m. Napoleon
had  finally ordered Grouchy to pursue Blucher, and  finally
headed towards Wellington to cut him off. Wellington slipped
away  before Napoleon arrived, but a chase could still  have
finished  him. A storm turned the roads into  mud  and  cost
Napoleon another chance at victory.
     A smashing French victory at Ligny or Quatre Bras would
have changed the situation two days later when the Prussians
reinforced Wellington at Waterloo and changed the outcome of
the battle. A victory at both would have won the campaign!

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
     In 1815 Lancers and Dragoons became Line Regiments, and
dragoons quit skirmishing like infantry. Full name of French
guard  units  are  Tirailleurs, Voltigeurs  and  Gendarmerie
d'Elite  (The Immortals). The 2nd Foreign Regiment  was  all
Swiss.  The 12/6" weapon uses #18, and the 6/7H weapon  uses
#24 on the Weapon/Range Casualty Table. Since the French can
less  afford attrition than the allies, the French only  get
7/10ths  of  the  points for capturing, and 5/10ths  of  the
points for casualties.
     Though  many of the WE units did come from  Westphalia,
Kurmark and Elbe landwehr did not. Towns are reduced to  50%
for  Fire  and  70% for Melee, due to Prussian  attempts  at
fortifying  them.  River  branches  are  considered   stream
branches  and can be moved through at 4(6), 6(9)  or  9(12).
Fire  and  melee into at 70%, out of at 30%.  Cavalry  units
charge less frequently and infantry units form squares  more
frequently.
     French  player should move first. French AI  should  be
Counterattack-Analyze. Allied AI should be  Hold  Positions
Automatic.


                            MAIDA

      Authors: Mike Musser, Richard Hooks, Gunter Meyer

                 MAIDA HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

      In June 1806 the British landed an expeditionary force
in southern Italy. They soon left Messina, Sicily on June 27
and three days later on June 30 they anchored in the Gulf of
Euphemia.  The  French  commander, General  Reynier  quickly
marched  towards the 5000 British troops with 5000  infantry
and  1000  cavalry. The British commander was  General  John
Stuart. The two forces clashed near the village of Maida  on
July  6. Reynier advanced in column formation across a river
onto  the  open  plain. Stuart's infantry deployed  in  line
formation two deep along a low ridge. The British held their
fire  and  advanced firing at point blank range.  They  then
followed  up  charging with the light infantry.  The  French
left  flank soon routed with the British in pursuit. Reynier
lost  700  killed,  1000 wounded, and 1000  prisoners  while
Stuart  lost  only 330 men. This action proved that  British
tactics were more than a match for the French column.
                           MARENGO

      Authors: Mike Musser, Richard Hooks, Gunter Meyer

                MARENGO HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

      On  June  14, 1800, the French forces rapidly advanced
over  the  river Scrivia toward the town of Alessandria  and
the  nearby village of Marengo. They were completely unaware
however that 31000 Austrians were close at hand. The  French
Army of the Reserve had 23700 men but only 23 cannon pieces.
The  confident  French  commander  did  not  anticipate  the
Austrians  to  take  the initiative and  attack.  The  early
morning  hours  of June 14 saw three large Austrian  columns
coming  from Alessandria. The French Victor's division  gave
ground  from around Marengo even with the support of Lannes'
division  and  Murat's cavalry. By 11:30 AM  there  were  no
French  reserves left plus ammunition was in  extremely  low
supply.  The  Austrians  stopped  briefly  to  regroup   the
victorious  forces  for  a renewed assault.  Fighting  again
broke  out  with the French in retreat around  Marengo.  The
Consular  Guard  and Monnier's division  was  in  the  north
attempting  to  thwart General Ott's flanking  maneuver.  At
5:00 PM the tired French reinforcements of Boudet's division
marched  up from the south and deployed just in time  behind
Victor's   shattered   left   wing.   Napoleon   ordered   a
counterattack. French artillery rushed to the flank  of  the
huge  Austrian  column and fired case-shot  at  point  blank
range.  A  lucky shop exploded an ammunition wagon  stunning
the  Austrians. Then Killermann's cavalry charged  and  6000
Austrians fled in rout pursued by Boudet's bayonet infantry.
Soon  panic spread through most of the army, except for  the
Austrian  left  flank with Ott's troops who  retreated  more
orderly towards Alessandria. Both sides lost about 7000 men,
but the Austrians also had 7000 men taken prisoner.

                          MEDELLIN

      Authors: Mike Musser, Richard Hooks, Gunter Meyer

               MEDELLIN HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     The  battle  of  Medellin occurred on March  28,  1809.
Marshall Victor with 18000 men took up position on the south
of  the  town of Medellin with the Guadiana River  in  their
rear.  There they awaited the attack of General  Cuesta  and
24000  men  of  the  Spanish Army of  Estremadura.  Although
outnumbered,  the  French had more  artillery  and  cavalry.
Cuesta  advanced along a four mile front hoping to turn  the
French  flanks, but the French retreated orderly  to  a  new
position  where  the French commander Victor had  previously
planned  to  make his stand. The French hussars charged  the
Spanish  lancers on the Spanish left wing. The Spanish  fled
with  other cavalry as well. Cuesta managed to barely escape
capture. French dragoons next charged and the entire Spanish
army  became a mass of routed troops. Up to 10000  Spaniards
were killed or captured in the rout.

                         PLANCENOIT

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

              PLANCENOIT HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

   Napoleon began his last campaign with a brilliance not to
be  found later on in the campaign. He shut down the borders
and stopped all mail, and replaced troops so inconspicuously
that no one noticed any change. Though the allied commanders
knew  what  he was likely to do, they were caught completely
by  suprise.  Large  masses of campfires  were  reported  by
Prussian  patrols,  but General Ziethen ordered  only  local
precautions. Reaching the border on June 14th, Napoleon gave
command  of the left wing to Marshal Ney and the right  wing
to Marshal Grouchy.
    The  next  day  the  campaign began  with  a  series  of
blunders.  The  III and VI Corps got entangled  and  lost  5
hours getting sorted out. Division general Bourmont deserted
to  the  Prussians, seriously undermining the morale of  his
men. Napoleon himself took command of the Imperial Guard and
forced Ziethen to retreat. Tough fighting throughout the day
caused  600 French casualties and 2000 Prussian. The emperor
again went to the front to break the stalemate at Gilly.  By
the  end of the day Napoleon's right wing had barely entered
Fleurus,  and  his left stopped just short of  Quatre  Bras.
Wellington  ordered  his  men  to  the  south  and  west  of
Brussels(out  of  Napoleon's way), and  Blucher  decided  to
concentrate all his men at Sombreffe, just north  of  Ligny.
Prince Bernard of Saxe-Weimar disobeyed Wellington and  kept
his 4,000 Nassauers at Quatre Bras.
    Napoleon  had expected to defeat Wellington  first,  but
news  of the entire Prussian army consolidating within reach
excited  him  more.  He  would  destroy  the  Prussian  army
tomorrow.  Ney,  on  the other hand, had  been  defeated  by
Wellington in the Spanish campaign, and thought Quatre  Bras
was  full of troops ready to ambush him. This mistake  would
keep  the  Prussians from being destroyed the next day,  and
was  the  first of many major occurrences that  would  cause
Napoleon his last campaign.
    On  the  16th  began the first two of four battles  that
would  decide  the  fate of Europe. At 2  p.m.  Ney  finally
attempted  to take Quatre Bras, after recieving a note  from
Napoleon expressing suprise that he had not taken the hamlet
as  ordered. About 20,000 men and 60 guns attacked 8,000 men
and  16  guns.  Still afraid of an ambush,  Ney  waited  for
another corps to arrive before pushing onward. While he  was
wasting  his  opportunity, 13,000 allied  troops  reinforced
Quatre Bras.
    Napoleon  started  the  battle of  Ligny  at  2:30  p.m.
Grouchy's cavalry tried to pin down Thielemann's III  Corps,
while  Vandamme  led  4 divisions against  St.  Armand,  and
Gerard  sent 2 divisions to pin down the Prussians at  Ligny
and  cause them to draw upon their reserve. French artillery
pounded  the  Prussian II Corps troops held in reserve,  and
exposed  on  the  facing hillsides. Fighting  was  extremely
heavy  along  the brook and many commanders were  killed  or
wounded.  Napoleon requested D'Erlon's Corps from Ney,  then
remembered  he  had  left 10,000 men  of  the  VI  Corps  at
Charleroi, and ordered them to Ligny as well. General Girard
was killed at St. Armand and a small foothold was gained  at
Ligny.

    At  4  p.m. Ney received Napoleon's order to take Quatre
Bras  immediately.  He decided to send in  D'Erlon's  Corps.
That Corps was right now about to take Blucher in the flank,
being  ordered  to  Ligny by an aide  to  Napoleon,  without
informing  Ney.  Ney  did not know  this,  and  after  being
counterattacked by General Alten's 3rd Division, ordered the
men  back  to  Quatre  Bras. The  Corps  would  have  proven
decisive at either battlefield, but would not participate at
all  this  day.  So  Napoleon lost  his  chance  to  destroy
Blucher's  army(less the IV Corps). At 6  p.m.  Ney  finally
found  out  about Napoleon's request for D'Erlon  and  threw
himself  into  the  front-line  fighting  in  despair.  This
achieved  nothing,  and Wellington counterattacked  at  6:30
p.m.
    Meanwhile  Blucher had launched a counterattack  at  St.
Armand  and recaptured part of it. Napoleon sent  the  Young
Guard  to  throw them out. At 7 p.m. 60 guns fired into  the
Prussians  while  the  Imperial Guard attacked  Ligny.  With
Milhaud's  cavalry  to  the guard's left,  the  Guard  heavy
cavalry  followed them through the resulting  gap.  After  6
hours  of  fighting  the Prussian lines broke,  but  Blucher
personally  lead 32 squadrons of cavalry in a  counterattack
which gave the infantry a few more minutes to retreat.
    By  9  p.m. both battles were over. At Quatre  Bras  the
Allies  had  regained almost all the ground  they  had  lost
during the day, at the cost of 5,000 casualties and the Duke
of  Brunswick. Amazingly, the French lost only 4,000 men  in
the   same  battle.  At  Ligny  the  Prussians  left  16,000
casualties and 21 guns, as well as a stunned Blucher. Though
Blucher  later escaped to his own troops, while he was  away
the  army  would retreat in the wrong direction,  away  from
Wellington,  and  10,000  men would  desert.  Napoleon  lost
11,500  men  in  the  battle, the 7th Infantry  Division  so
mauled  it  was  left behind at Ligny for the  rest  of  the
campaign.
    The  third disaster of the campaign was about to  occur.
With Blucher defeated Wellington had to retreat to Waterloo.
Had  Ney attacked him before noon, he would have been locked
in battle for Napoleon to pounce on from the flank and rear.
Had Napoleon not waited until 11 a.m. to get moving he could
have  enagaged Wellington in battle. But at 11 a.m. Napoleon
had  finally ordered Grouchy to pursue Blucher, and  finally
headed towards Wellington to cut him off. Wellington slipped
away  before Napoleon arrived, but a chase could still  have
finished  him. A storm turned the roads into  mud  and  cost
Napoleon another chance at victory.
    While  the 3 armies spent the 17th avoiding each  other,
Grouchy  informed  Napoleon that Blucher  wasn't  retreating
away  from  Wellington, and that he could head the Prussians
off from joining Wellington. Napoleon received this note  at
4  a.m., but did not respond until 10 a.m., and Grouchy  did
nothing in the interim.
    By  6  a.m.  Wellington received word that  Blucher  was
coming  to  support  him. Grouchy sent  Vandamme  after  the
Prussians  at 8 a.m., and Gerard got going at 9 a.m.  By  10
a.m.  Grouchy realized most of the Prussian army was  around
Wavre.  By  11  a.m. Blucher was leading  Bulow's  IV  Corps
towards  Waterloo. By noon the Prussian I and II Corps  were
also  sent  towards Waterloo. A major fire in Wavre  delayed
the  two  corps.  Only  Thielemann's III  Corps,  which  had
suffered  only  764 casualties at Ligny, was  left  to  stop
Grouchy from intercepting the Prussian army.

    At  Waterloo the grand battery opened up at 11:25  a.m.,
but  the main attack would not occur until 1 p.m., to  allow
the  ground  to dry out enough for the cannon to do  damage.
Grouchy could hear the firing at his HQ near Wavre, and left
his  breakfast  because of it. General Gerard demanded  that
Grouchy  head  towards  Waterloo and  join  Napoleon.  Since
Napoleon's last received order was for the capture of Wavre,
Grouchy decided that that was what was most important.
   Napoleon's first big attack at Waterloo was of 4 infantry
divisions.  Unfortunately, 2 were formed  in  revolutionary
type  columns  instead of the checker-board type.  Artillery
damaged them considerably, then a cavalry charge routed them
with  great loss of life. Napoleon's first big attack was  a
shambles,  with perhaps 5,000 casualties. Wellington  pulled
his  infantry back over the ridges to avoid cannon fire, and
Ney, thinking they were retreating charged with 5,000 French
Cavalry.  Again  and  again they achieved  nothing  but  the
destruction of the cavalry. Napoleon, appalled,  was  forced
to throw in the other 5,000 cavalry to extract them.
    At  4  p.m. Grouchy finally launched his attacks against
Wavre,   and   Bulow  finally  arrived   at   the   Waterloo
battlefield. Napoleon sent Domont's cavalry and  Lobau's  VI
Corps  to  attack. Bulow tried to outflank Lobau by  heading
towards  the village of Plancenoit. The French had  to  fall
back,  and  by  5 p.m. the Prussian II Corps was  supporting
Bulow in a three-sided assualt on Plancenoit. Napoleon  sent
the  Young  Guard division to recapture parts of Plancenoit,
but  fresh troops pushed them back. Two Old Guard battalions
were   then  sent  into  Plancenoit  while  11  other  guard
battalions were facing east to stop a breakthrough.
    This was Napoleon's last chance for victory. At the very
moment his guard were waiting Ney had finally broken part of
Wellington's line and had asked for reinforcements from  the
guard. "Troops? Where do you expect me to get them from?  Do
you  expect  me to make some?" The two old guard  battalions
pushed 14 Prussian battalions out of Plancenoit, stabilizing
the  line.  By  the  time the guard  were  back  in  reserve
Wellington had filled the gap in his line and the moment was
lost. Napoleon would not have his victory.
    Meanwhile,  Grouchy was trying to take  Wavre.  He  sent
Gerard's  and  Hulot's Divisions to affect a passage  across
the   River  Dyle.  Skirmishers  and  heavy  artillery  fire
prevented  any  success.  Learning  of  Bulow's  advance  on
Plancenoit,  Grouchy sent Gerard's corps towards  Limale  in
the  hopes of outflanking Wavre, knowing he could not  reach
Waterloo  in  time  to help Napoleon. He  then  lead  a  new
onslaught against Wavre, where Gerard was severely  wounded.
Grouchy left Vandamme and Exelman's cavalry to pin down  the
Prussians. Taking Pajol's newly arrived cavaly, Grouchy took
over  at  Limale personally, and Pajol was soon  across  the
river.
    With  Stengel retreating from Limale, and Wavre  holding
nicely, Thielemann sent Stupnagel's brigade to Limale, where
a  badly  confused  night attack did nothing  to  budge  the
French. Thielemann sent an urgent plea for reinforce- ments.
"It  doesn't matter if he is crushed, providing we gain  the
victory here" was the response.
    At  Waterloo Ziethen's Corps was now arriving, and at  7
p.m.  Napoleon sent 6 middle guard battalions, with  support
from  Reille and D'Erlon, to attack Wellington.  The  guards
could  not withstand the firepower of the British  and  were
eventually  routed. By 8 p.m. Prussians  took  La  Haie  and
Papelotte  and occupied parts of Plancenoit again.  Most  of
the  army broke, and Wellington charged after them. Only the
guard rallied, holding parts of Plancenoit until 9 p.m., and
blocking allied pursuit of the army. Even Napoleon could not
rally  the army. The French lost 25,000 casualties and 8,000
prisoners  at  Waterloo, as well as 200 cannon.  The  Allies
lost 15,000 and the Prussians 7,000.
    At Wavre the fighting continued through the night. Pajol
and  the  IV Corps expanded their bridgehead around  Limale.
The  French learned nothing of Waterloo though the Prussians
did. At dawn Thielemann launched a probing attack that got a
strong  French  response.  With  Stengel  marching  off   to
Waterloo without orders, Thielemann ordered a retreat at  10
a.m.  Having been reinforced by Teste's Division during  the
night,  Grouchy was in a position to claim victory,  but  at
10:30  a.m. he finally learned about Waterloo. He  therefore
retreated  his  30,000 men, eventually entering  Paris  with
50,000. Grouchy lost 2,600 men, Thielemann 2,500.
    There  would be battles on other frontiers  and  several
sieges,  but  the  campaign  was  over.  Had  Napoleon   not
abdicated  there  could have been one  more  battle  outside
Paris, as the allies were left with only 118,000 men,  while
Soult had 120,000 men in Paris. But Soult would have no more
bloodshed,  and  the Provisional Government would  not  give
Napoleon a temporary command, for there were too many  other
armies  to defeat. Napoleon surrendered to the British,  was
sent  to  St.  Helena,  and died 6 years  later  of  arsenic
poisoning, from a man employed by his father-in-law!

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
    The  Prussians  should move first. The  French  computer
player  should be set to Hold Positions-Random. The Prussian
computer player should be set to Counterattack-Automatic.


                           PODUBNO
                              
                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt
                              
                PODUBNO HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     The  broken  promises  of the Russians  in  1809  began
Napoleon  thinking of punishing them again.  He  expected  a
quick  campaign  with  one  great  battle  and  paid  little
attention to the fighting in Spain. When he latched upon  an
objective  he  was always single-minded about  it.  Once  he
formulated a plan he stuck to it to the end. Having  decided
to punish Russia he ignored Spain.
    While Napoleon was advancing towards Smolensk, and later
Moscow,  his  right  flank was protected by  Schwarzenberg's
Austrian   corps  and  Reynier's  Saxon  corps.  He   called
Scwarzenberg  towards  him,  just  as  Tormassov   assaulted
Reynier  and destroyed one of his isolated brigades.  Always
the  dependable general, Schwarzenberg headed back  to  help
Reynier  while  sending  a note to Napoleon  explaining  his
actions.   Against  25,000  Austrians  and  13,000   Saxons,
Tormassov  had only 18,000 men to defend himself.  He  began
retreating until he found a strong position. There he waited
for his 13,000 man reserve.
     The  Russian  position was a strong one. Tormassov  was
behind  a  river  with swampland on his  flanks.  A  frontal
assault would be bloody. Schwarzenberg had no desire to  get
Austrians  slaughtered for a French Emperor. He would  fight
minor  skirmishes if necessary, but maneuvering in  the  old
Prussian  style  was  his  main  form  of  attack.   Reynier
suggested   that   he   strike  the  Russian   left   flank.
Schwarzenberg  agreed, and gave him two  Austrian  corps  to
help  him  do  so.  The  Saxon light  infantry  reached  the
crossroads,  were  pushed  back,  reinforced,  and  advanced
forwards again. Reynier emerged from the woods onto a plain.
    The Saxon left moved forward. Lilienberg was wounded and
Bianchi took over his command. The Russians had hurriedly to
change  their positions to face the Saxons. The  Saxon  left
attempted  to  cut the Russians only line  of  retreat,  the
Kobrin to Gorodetschna road. The Russians concentrated their
artillery  against the Saxon left and the  Austrians  across
the  river.  Russian dragoons repeatedly charged  the  Saxon
left,  forcing  them  into  square.  Other  Russian  cavalry
charged  the Saxon center. Reynier's cavalry drove them  off
and  attempted  to  cut  the Russian  retreat.  The  Russian
cavalry  in turn drove them off. The cavalry began  to  tire
and the Saxon left began moving forward towards evening.
     The Austrians finally started moving slowly against the
Russian right around 5 PM. As the Russians began withdrawing
from  his  front,  Frimont advanced across  the  river.  The
Russians  sent  infantry  and  cavalry  to  await  Frimont's
attack.  Finding  the position too strong, Frimont  withdrew
across  the  river as night was falling. Tormassov  received
his  13,000  reinforcements, but decided to  find  a  better
position to make a stand. Russian losses were 4000, with 500
captured, the Austrians lost 2000. Saxons lost 832 men and 5
guns(all  destroyed in artillery duels). For the moment,  it
was  safe for Napoleon to march on Moscow. Had Reynier  lost
the  battle  of  Podubno, Napoleon might  have  wintered  at
Smolensk.

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
     The  Saxon  Cuirassiers fought in this  battle  without
their  cuirasses. Grenz units are light border German units.
Casualties from the 12/7H weapon uses slot #22, and the 6/7H
weapon  uses  slot  #24  of the 20.5  Weapon/Range  Casualty
Table.  Both  sides have lost many stragglers and  deserters
from   their  armies,  as  well  as  casualties  from   many
skirmishes.
     French  player should move first. French AI  should  be
Counterattack-Random. Allied AI should  be  Hold  Positions
Analyze.
                          SMOLENSK

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

               SMOLENSK HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

   Napoleon's most implacable enemy had always been England.
Since he couldn't defeat the English on the seas, he had  to
defeat   them   through   commerce.  Napoleon   declared   a
Continental blockade, and enforced it by occupying  Prussia.
England  retaliated with a real blockade. The  neutrals  got
caught  in  the middle. To enforce the Continental  Blockade
and  bring  England  to its knees Napoleon  needed  Russia's
help.  So he cultivated a friendship with Czar Alexander  to
get  him  to  enforce  a blockade too. At  Tilsit  Alexander
agreed to the blockade.
  As part of the agreement with Russia, Russian troops were
supposed to help Napoleon fight the Austrians in 1809.  When
they  didn't  arrive  in  time,  and  Alexander  lifted  the
blockade against England, Napoleon began preparation for war
against  Russia, by reading how Charlemagne and  others  had
faired  against  Russia. He planned to destroy  the  Russian
army early, then winter in Smolensk.
   Considering the war in Spain to be a mopping up exercise,
Napoleon took away his veteran troops and replaced them with
secondary  troops. He drafted soldiers from Italy,  Prussia,
Austria  and  the  German states. He kept  hoping  Alexander
would come to his senses before bloodshed was spilt. But  in
June  he  finally  invaded Russia, while the  Russians  were
about to attack him.
    The  main  object was to destroy Bagration's  army,  but
Jerome  went too slowly, and even stopped for several  days,
eventually  leaving  the  army in anger  when  placed  under
Davout's  command.  Bagration therefore  escaped  Napoleon's
trap, and joined Barclay de Tolly at Smolensk. Smolensk  was
a   regional  capital  with  great  religious  significance.
Napoleon thought the Russians would have to fight there, and
had  planned  a big fight here to win the campaign.  Barclay
upset his plans.
    Taking  time  to rest and remove precious artifacts  the
Russians  remained  in the vicinity until Napoleon  arrived.
Napoleon  deployed  his  troops  in  a  semi-circle   around
Smolensk  and waited. In the morning hours heavy skirmishing
developed  among  the Russians and Wurttemburgers,  and  the
Russians sallied from the fortress to push the picquets  out
of the suburbs. Napoleon waited until he received reports of
columns  of Russians heading away. Napoleon then decided  to
outflank  the  Russians  and was  forced  to  pin  down  the
garrison to do so. At 2 PM he ordered the attack.
    Heavy artillery fire from across the river hit the Poles
in  the  flank. Poniatowski set up a battery to supress  the
enmy  fire  and  pushed the cossacks  out  of  the  Nicolski
suburb.  Polish  infantry got into the  Malakov  suburb  and
headed for the Malakov Gate. Ney's French and Wurttemburgers
couldn't  get into the western suburbs. Davout  made  little
headway against the southern suburbs.
    Napoleon got all his howitzers in a battery and fired on
the  city, in an attempt to set it aflame. He also  got  the
Guard  artillery  and all his 12-lbers into  a  battery  and
aimed  them  at the fortress walls. The cannonballs  bounced
off.  He  then  aimed the guns at the bridges to  slow  down
reinforcements from crossing.

    By  5  PM Davout got up to the city walls. Barclay  sent
Eugene against Poniatowski and Mouton, but was driven  back.
Ney  still couldn't make any headway. The Poles attacked the
Malakov  Gate  heavily, and Barclay sent  reinforcements  to
prevent  a  breakthrough. The Poles were pushed  back.  With
nightfall  the  French  were still  outside  the  city.  The
Russians had suffered 6000 casualties, the French 9000.  The
Russians  slipped  away quietly into the  night,  retreating
again.

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
    The French should move first. The French computer player
should  be  set  to  Counterattack-Automatic.  The  Prussian
computer player should be set to Hold Positions-Analyze.


                           UTITSA

      Authors: Mike Musser, Richard Hooks, Gunter Meyer

                UTITSA HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

      In  the  battle of Borodino on September 7, 1812,  the
battle  of  Utitsa occurred on the south flank.  The  French
forces  in  the area were Poniatowski's 5th Corps  and  some
cavalry.  They  were opposed by the Russian Tuchkov's  Corps
along  with  the reserves of Baggavout. Early in the  battle
the  French attacks managed to gain control of the  town  of
Utitsa  and part of the neighboring forest. Russian reserves
were being committed in large numbers to the center and left
flanks.  Attempts  to turn the Utitsa flank  failed  as  the
Russians  used  the  broken  and  wooded  terrain  to  their
advantage.   General  Tuchkov,  however,  was  killed.   The
fighting  was  very heavy and by 4:00 PM the  Polish  troops
managed  again  to  retake Utitsa and the nearby  hill.  The
arrival of fresh Russian troops caused the Polish Prince  to
pause and by 5:00 PM the battle was over.

                           VIMIERO

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

                VIMIERO HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

     In  1807 Napoleon had conquered half of Europe. He  had
destroyed  Austria at Austerlitz, Prussia at Jena-Auerstadt,
and  Russia at Eylau and Friedland (mostly the latter).  But
he  still had England to finish. Since he could not beat the
English fleet to invade England, Napoleon could only  defeat
England by cutting off all trade. So he began the first land
blockade  of  a  naval power. He closed  the  ports  of  all
continental  Europe except Spain and Portugal.  He  got  the
King  of Spain to come to France and forced him to abdicate.
Napoleon  declared Joseph Bonaparte the new King  of  Spain.
The  Spanish revolted against the French, and some requested
aid  from the British. The British landed in Portugal  under
Sir Arthur Wellesley.
     With  only  some of his 30,000 men unloaded,  Wellesley
repulsed  Junot  sharply at Rolica. Wellesley  continued  to
Vimiero  where  he became surrounded by French  cavalry.  He
found  a  good  defensive position and waited for  Junot  to
attack. Junot had tried hard to reach Vimiero in time for  a
dawn  attack,  but  terrain slowed him down.  Believing  the
British were massed at the center, Junot decided to pin down
the  center while sending a brigade of his army against  the
left  flank. That brigade had to detour around a ravine  and
was  late in supporting the frontal assault. Though  British
outposts  were  pushed back, the troops fired  devastatingly
steady volleys into the assaulting French.
     Thomiere's brigade reached Vimiero and got into a nasty
fight  around the town cemetary. The 43rd Foot ejected them,
while  the  other French were being pushed back  and  almost
surrounded.  Margaron's  cavalry  slowed  the  British  down
enough to allow Junot to escape, but Junot was cut off  from
Spain. Luckily for him, Wellesley's two superiors arrived to
take  over  command  of  the British corps.  They  signed  a
convention  with Junot allowing him to return to  France  on
British  ships. The British were outraged. All three British
commanders were called home to face a court of inquiry while
Sir  John Moore took over command of the British Corps.  All
three  were exonerated, but Wellesley's superiors never  saw
combat   again.   Junot  had  almost  been  court-martialled
himself.
     Moore  decided  to head into Spain to do  some  damage.
Unfortunately for him, the surrender of 22,000 Frenchmen  at
Baylen  had  forced Napoleon to enter Spain  himself.  After
sweeping  aside the Spanish armies, Napoleon headed straight
for  Moore. Moore's men got onto transports after  a  bloody
fight,  but  Moore  was  dead, and  Wellesley  would  become
commander of British forces in the Peninsula once again.

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
    The French should move first. The French computer player

should  be set to Counterattack-Random. Allied AI should  be

Hold Positions-Analyze.



                           WAGRAM

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt

                WAGRAM HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

    The  Austrians had harbored resentment against  Napoleon
for  a  long  time. Since the disaster of 1805 the  Austrian
army  had undergone many changes under the Archduke Charles.
Though  far  from complete, the opportunity  given  them  by
Napoleon  was  too great to pass up. While Napoleon  was  in
Spain scattering the rebels, Austria was gearing up for war.
Napoleon  was  already heading for France with the  Imperial
Guard when Soult was defeated by Moore at Corunna.
    With  Berthier commanding Army of Germany while Napoleon
was in Paris, the French where nearly mauled by an advancing
Austrian  army  at Eckmuhl. Napoleon arrived, called  Lannes
back  from  his  victories, and forced  the  Austrians  into
retreat.  Using  the  Danube as a natural  barrier,  Charles
pulled  back  his forces in an attempt to crush  the  French
after   they   crossed.  At  the  battle  of  Aspern-Essling
Napoleon's  army was so badly mauled that all  his  marshals
and  corps commanders wanted to retreat. Napoleon,  instead,
built many bridges over the Danube and crossed all at once.
    Crushing the Austrian advance guard observing them,  the
French  headed  towards Wagram and the main  Austrian  Army.
Napoleon  wanted  to  pin down the Austrians  so  that  they
wouldn't get away. Oudinot's men fought into the village  of
Baumersdorf, taking 4 colors and 2000 prisoners from Brady's
division. Archduke Charles led a cavalry counterattack  that
forced the French to retire. Marshal Macdonald was attacking
to  Oudinot's  left  and was fired  upon  in  the  flank  by
Bernadotte's  Saxons, followed by Charles and  his  cavalry.
During  a  night retreat they mistook friendly  cavalry  for
enemy  and  routed into the Imperial Guard.  Bernadotte  was
attacking  Wagram with the support of 36 horse guns  of  the
guard,  but  didn't have enough of a corps present  to  make
headway.  Dupas was particularly hard hit, and  his  command
almost destroyed. Davout to the east made some headway,  but
abandoned his successes.
    The Austrians began the morning by attacking the French.
Bernadotte had abandoned a key position and was sent back to
retake  it,  but failed miserably. Artillery  and  the  main
brunt of the advance severely damaged the Saxons, who broke.
Napoleon  relieved  him  of command  on  the  spot.  Massena
plugged  the  gap, until Eugene could shift his  army  left.
Klenau  destroyed the French division at Aspern and  stopped
to wait for Kolowrat. With 2 Austrian Corps to his rear only
Reynier's  heavy artillery and Lasalle's and  St.  Germain's
cavalry kept the Austrians from cutting the French off  from
their supplies. Massena swept down from the north and forced
the  Austrians  back, and then threw Klenau out  of  Aspern.
Napoleon sent Lauriston with 112 guns from the Guard,  Wrede
and  Eugene to stop Kolowrat. This devastating fire  stopped
them  dead. Meanwhile Nansouty kept Bellegarde occupied when
Massena  turned  south. With his rear secure,  Napoleon  now
concentrated on the attack.
    Davout  attacked Rosenberg, and overran  his  batteries.
Archduke  Charles arrived with much cavalry  and  saved  the
flank.  But  thousands of cavalry fought  until  the  French
could  move forward again. Sensing victory, Napoleon ordered
his  Marshals to attack everything in front of them.  Davout
destroyed  Rosenberg  and  fell  on  Hohenzollern,  who  was
already  fending off Oudinot. His line was quickly  pierced,
and  many  were captured. Lauriston's grand battery advanced
before  Macdonald's attack to punch a hole in  the  Austrian
line,  but was badly coordinated. Cavalry support was foiled
by  Archduke  Charles' dispositions, and Macdonald  suffered
80%  casualties.  He  was supported by  Durutte,  Wrede  and
Curial.  Napoleon  then  sent  Marmont  to  Oudinot's  left.
Bellegarde and Hohenzollern melted away. Charles  ordered  a
general retreat.
    The battle of Wagram was a great victory, but could have
been  a  devastating defeat. As it was, the war  didn't  end
until  5  days later, as Charles was badly outmaneuvered  at
Znaim.  The French lost 32,500 at Wagram, including Lasalle,
and  had  lost Lannes at Aspern-Essling. The Austrians  lost
43,000,  including 6,000 prisoners. A greater victory  would
have  left  a  smaller army in the field  in  the  1813-1814
campaigns. But worst of all, the Austrians got Napoleon  out
of  Spain,  where he never went back. Had he won  in  Spain,
Napoleon  would have had 200,000 extra men for the 1813  and
1814 campaigns!

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
    The Allies should move first. The French computer player
should  be set to Counterattck-Analyze. The Allied  computer
player should be set to Counterattack-Random.



                            WAVRE

                 Author: Michael Lee Merritt
                              
                 WAVRE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
                              
     Napoleon began his last campaign with a brilliance  not
to  be  found  later on in the campaign. He  shut  down  the
borders  and  stopped  all  mail,  and  replaced  troops  so
inconspicuously that no one noticed any change.  Though  the
allied  commanders knew what he was likely to do, they  were
caught completely by suprise. Large masses of campfires were
reported  by  Prussian patrols, but General Ziethen  ordered
only  local  precautions. Reaching the border on June  14th,
Napoleon  gave command of the left wing to Marshal  Ney  and
the right wing to Marshal Grouchy.
     The  next  day  the campaign began  with  a  series  of
blunders.  The  III and VI Corps got entangled  and  lost  5
hours getting sorted out. Division general Bourmont deserted
to  the  Prussians, seriously undermining the morale of  his
men. Napoleon himself took command of the Imperial Guard and
forced Ziethen to retreat. Tough fighting throughout the day
caused  600 French casualties and 2000 Prussian. The emperor
again  had  to  go  to the front to break the  stalemate  at
Gilly.  By  the  end of the day Napoleon's  right  wing  had
barely  entered Fleurus, and his left stopped just short  of
Quatre  Bras.  Wellington ordered his men to the  south  and
west  of  Brussels  (out  of Napoleon's  way),  and  Blucher
decided to concentrate all his men at Sombreffe, just  north
of Ligny. Prince Bernard of Saxe-Weimar disobeyed Wellington
and kept his 4,000 Nassauers at Quatre Bras.
     Napoleon  had expected to defeat Wellington first,  but
news  of the entire Prussian army consolidating within reach
excited  him  more.  He  would  destroy  the  Prussian  army
tomorrow.  Ney,  on  the other hand, had  been  defeated  by
Wellington in the Spanish campaign, and thought Quatre  Bras
was  full of troops ready to ambush him. This mistake  would
keep  the  Prussians from being destroyed the next day,  and
was  the  first  of many major occurrences that  would  cost
Napoleon his last campaign.
     On  the  16th began the first two of four battles  that
would  decide  the  fate of Europe. At 2  p.m.  Ney  finally
attempted  to take Quatre Bras, after receiving a note  from
Napoleon expressing suprise that he had not taken the hamlet
as  ordered. About 20,000 men and 60 guns attacked 8,000 men
and  16  guns.  Still afraid of an ambush,  Ney  waited  for
another corps to arrive before pushing onward. While he  was
wasting  his  opportunity, 13,000 allied  troops  reinforced
Quatre Bras.
     Napoleon  started  the battle of  Ligny  at  2:30  p.m.
Grouchy's cavalry tried to pin down Thielemann's III  Corps,
while  Vandamme  led  4 divisions against  St.  Armand,  and
Gerard  sent 2 divisions to pin down the Prussians at  Ligny
and  cause them to draw upon their reserve. French artillery
pounded  the  Prussian II Corps troops held in reserve,  and
exposed  on  the  facing hillsides. Fighting  was  extremely
heavy  along  the brook and many commanders were  killed  or
wounded.  Napoleon requested D'Erlon's Corps from Ney,  then
remembered  he  had  left 10,000 men  of  the  VI  Corps  at
Charleroi, and ordered them to Ligny as well. General Girard
was killed at St. Armand and a small foothold was gained  at
Ligny.
     At  4 p.m. Ney received Napoleon's order to take Quatre
Bras  immediately.  He decided to send in  D'Erlon's  Corps.
That corps was right now about to take Blucher in the flank,
being  ordered  to  Ligny by an aide  to  Napoleon,  without
informing  Ney.  Ney  did not know  this,  and  after  being
counterattacked by General Alten's 3rd Division, ordered the
men  back  to  Quatre  Bras. The  Corps  would  have  proven
decisive at either battlefield, but would not participate at
all  this  day.  So  Napoleon lost  his  chance  to  destroy
Blucher's  army (less the IV Corps). At 6 p.m.  Ney  finally
found  out  about Napoleon's request for D'Erlon  and  threw
himself  into  the  front-line  fighting  in  despair.  This
achieved  nothing,  and Wellington counterattacked  at  6:30
p.m.
     Meanwhile Blucher had launched a counterattack  at  St.
Armand  and recaptured part of it. Napoleon sent  the  Young
Guard  to  throw them out. At 7 p.m. 60 guns fired into  the
Prussians  while  the  Imperial Guard attacked  Ligny.  With
Milhaud's  cavalry  to  the guard's left,  the  guard  heavy
cavalry  followed them through the resulting  gap.  After  6
hours  of  fighting  the Prussian lines broke,  but  Blucher
personally  lead 32 squadrons of cavalry in a  counterattack
which gave the infantry a few more minutes to retreat.
     By  9  p.m. both battles were over. At Quatre Bras  the
Allies  had  regained almost all the ground  they  had  lost
during the day, at the cost of 5,000 casualties and the Duke
of  Brunswick. Amazingly, the French lost only 4,000 men  in
the   same  battle.  At  Ligny  the  Prussians  left  16,000
casualties and 21 guns, as well as a stunned Blucher. Though
Blucher  later escaped to his own troops, while he was  away
the  army  would retreat in the wrong direction,  away  from
Wellington, and 6,000 men would desert. Napoleon lost 11,500
men  in  the battle, the 7th Infantry Division so mauled  it
was left behind at Ligny for the rest of the campaign.
     The  third disaster of the campaign was about to occur.
With Blucher defeated Wellington had to retreat to Waterloo.
Had  Ney attacked him before noon, he would have been locked
in battle for Napoleon to pounce on from the flank and rear.
Had Napoleon not waited until 11 a.m. to get moving he could
have  enagaged Wellington in battle. But at 11 a.m. Napoleon
had  finally ordered Grouchy to pursue Blucher, and  finally
headed towards Wellington to cut him off. Wellington slipped
away  before Napoleon arrived, but a chase could still  have
finished  him. A storm turned the roads into  mud  and  cost
Napoleon another chance at victory.
     While  the 3 armies spent the 17th avoiding each other,
Grouchy  informed  Napoleon that Blucher  wasn't  retreating
away  from  Wellington, and that he could head the Prussians
off from joining Wellington. Napoleon received this note  at
4  a.m., but did not respond until 10 a.m., and Grouchy  did
nothing in the interim.
     By  6  a.m.  Wellington received word that Blucher  was
coming  to  support  him. Grouchy sent  Vandamme  after  the
Prussians  at 8 a.m., and Gerard got going at 9 a.m.  By  10
a.m.  Grouchy realized most of the Prussian army was  around
Wavre.  By  11  a.m. Blucher was leading  Bulow's  IV  Corps
towards  Waterloo. By noon the Prussian I and II Corps  were
also  sent  towards Waterloo. A major fire in Wavre  delayed
the  two  corps.  Only  Thielemann's III  Corps,  which  had
suffered  only  764 casualties at Ligny, was  left  to  stop
Grouchy from intercepting the Prussian army.
     At  Waterloo the grand battery opened up at 11:25 a.m.,
but  the main attack would not occur until 1 p.m., to  allow
the  ground  to dry out enough for the cannon to do  damage.
Grouchy could hear the firing at his HQ near Wavre, and left
his  breakfast  because of it. General Gerard demanded  that
Grouchy  head  towards  Waterloo and  join  Napoleon.  Since
Napoleon's last received order was for the capture of Wavre,
Grouchy decided that that was what was most important.
     Napoleon's  first  big attack  at  Waterloo  was  of  4
infantry   divisions.  Unfortunately,  2  were   formed   in
revolutionary-type  columns  instead  of  the  checker-board
type.  Artillery damaged them considerably, then  a  cavalry
charge routed them with great loss of life. Napoleon's first
big  attack  was a shambles, with perhaps 5,000  casualties.
Wellington pulled his infantry back over the ridges to avoid
cannon  fire, and Ney, thinking they were retreating charged
with  5,000  French Cavalry. Again and again  they  achieved
nothing  but  the  destruction  of  the  cavalry.  Napoleon,
appalled, was forced to throw in the other 5,000 cavalry  to
extract them.
     At  4 p.m. Grouchy finally launched his attacks against
Wavre,   and   Bulow  finally  arrived   at   the   Waterloo
battlefield. Napoleon sent Domont's cavalry and  Lobau's  VI
Corps  to  attack. Bulow tried to outflank Lobau by  heading
towards  the village of Plancenoit. The French had  to  fall
back,  and  by  5 p.m. the Prussian II Corps was  supporting
Bulow in a three-sided assualt on Plancenoit. Napoleon  sent
the  Young  Guard division to recapture parts of Plancenoit,
but  fresh troops pushed them back. Two Old Guard battalions
were   then  sent  into  Plancenoit  while  11  other  guard
battalions were facing east to stop a breakthrough.
    This was Napoleon's last chance for victory. At the very
moment his guard were waiting Ney had finally broken part of
Wellington's line and had asked for reinforcements from  the
guard. "Troops? Where do you expect me to get them from?  Do
you  expect  me to make some?" The two Old Guard  battalions
pushed 14 Prussian battalions out of Plancenoit, stabilizing
the  line.  By  the  time the guard  were  back  in  reserve
Wellington had filled the gap in his line and the moment was
lost. Napoleon would not have his victory.
     Meanwhile,  Grouchy was trying to take Wavre.  He  sent
Gerard's  and  Hulot's Divisions to affect a passage  across
the   River  Dyle.  Skirmishers  and  heavy  artillery  fire
prevented  any  success.  Learning  of  Bulow's  advance  on
Plancenoit,  Grouchy sent Gerard's corps towards  Limale  in
the  hopes of outflanking Wavre, knowing he could not  reach
Waterloo  in  time  to help Napoleon. He  then  lead  a  new
onslaught against Wavre, where Gerard was severely  wounded.
Grouchy left Vandamme and Exelman's cavalry to pin down  the
Prussians. Taking Pajol's newly arrived cavaly, Grouchy took
over  at  Limale personally, and Pajol was soon  across  the
river.
     With  Stengel retreating from Limale, and Wavre holding
nicely, Thielemann sent Stupnagel's brigade to Limale, where
a  badly  confused  night attack did nothing  to  budge  the
French.  Thielemann sent an urgent plea for  reinforcements.
"It  doesn't matter if he is crushed, providing we gain  the
victory here" was the response.
     At Waterloo Ziethen's Corps was now arriving, and at  7
p.m.  Napoleon sent 6 Middle Guard battalions, with  support
from  Reille and D'Erlon, to attack Wellington.  The  guards
could  not withstand the firepower of the British  and  were
eventually routed. By 8 p.m. the Prussians took La Haie  and
Papelotte  and occupied parts of Plancenoit again.  Most  of
the  army broke, and Wellington charged after them. Only the
guard rallied, holding parts of Plancenoit until 9 p.m., and
blocking allied pursuit of the army. Even Napoleon could not
rally  the army. The French lost 25,000 casualties and 8,000
prisoners  at  Waterloo, as well as 200 cannon.  The  Allies
lost 15,000 and the Prussians 7,000.
    At Wavre the fighting continued through the night. Pajol
and  the  IV Corps expanded their bridgehead around  Limale.
The  French learned nothing of Waterloo though the Prussians
did. At dawn Thielemann launched a probing attack that got a
strong  French  response.  With  Stengel  marching  off   to
Waterloo without orders, Thielemann ordered a retreat at  10
a.m.  Having been reinforced by Teste's Division during  the
night,  Grouchy was in a position to claim victory,  but  at
10:30  a.m. he finally learned about Waterloo. He  therefore
retreated  his  30,000 men, eventually entering  Paris  with
50,000. Grouchy lost 2,600 men, Thielemann 2,500.
     There  would be battles on other frontiers and  several
sieges,  but  the  campaign  was  over.  Had  Napoleon   not
abdicated  there  could have been one  more  battle  outside
Paris, as the allies were left with only 118,000 men,  while
Soult had 120,000 men in Paris. But Soult would have no more
bloodshed,  and  the Provisional Government would  not  give
Napoleon a temporary command, for there were too many  other
armies  to defeat. Napoleon surrendered to the British,  was
sent to St. Helena, and died 6 years later!

                       SCENARIO NOTES
                              
     The  1/2 For. unit is part of the 2nd Foreign Regiment.
In  1815  Napoleon  made  all dragoons  and  chasseurs  line
regiments,  and got rid of their carbines. The 12/6"  weapon
uses the #18 column for casualties.
     The Krmk units are from the Kurmark section of Prussia.
The  PR  5th  LT  UH Regiment had 1 squadron from  the  Berg
Hussars  attached. Targets in a town are  modified  50%  for
fire  damage  and 70% for melee damage due to fortification.
Cavalry  charge less. Infantry form square more.  The  12/7H
artillery uses the #22 row for casualties, and the 6/7H uses
the #24 row. Abbreviation: HW7 for How 7.
    French player moves first. French AI should be set to
Counterattack-Random. Allied AI should be set to Hold
Positions-Analyze.


                ADDITIONAL SCENARIO DISKS FOR
                              
                     BATTLES OF NAPOLEON

   BON Scenario Disk 1:  Includes the battles of Austerlitz,
Marengo, Redoubt, Utitsa, and Maida.
   BON Scenario Disk 2:  Includes the battles of Bridge, New
Orleans, Medellin, Albuera, and Santon.
   BON  Scenario  Disk  3:  Includes the  Revolutionary  War
battles  of Camden, Hobkirk, Guilford's Courthouse, Cowpens,
Eutaw Springs, and King's Mountain.
  BON Scenario Disk 4:  Includes the battles of Hill, Eylau,
Wagram,  Leipzig I, Smolensk, Plancenoit, Waterloo  II,  and
Bladensburg.
   BON  Scenario  Disk 5:  Includes the  battles  of  Ligny,
Vimiero, Village, Retreat, Leipzig II, Podubno, Quatre  Bras
II, and Aspern-Essling.
   BON  Scenario Disk 6:  Includes the battles of  Pyramids,
Jena, Corunna, Raab, Borodino II, Craonne, North and Wavre.
   BON  Scenario  Disk ARW:  Includes 40  Revolutionary  War
battles  of  Concord, Great Bridge, Quebec, Harlem  Heights,
Pelham,  Trenton,  Hubbardton,  Oriskany,  Freeman's   Farm,
Germantown, Paulus Hook, Yorktown, Bunker Hill, Long Island,
Kip's   Bay,   White  Plains,  Fort  Washington,  Princeton,
Bennington,  Brandywine, Bemis Heights,  Monmouth,  Savannah
1779, Staten Island, Lexington, Moore's Creek, Three Rivers,
Five  Mile  Run,  Paoli,  Redbank,  Newport,  Boonesborough,
Savannah  1778, Vincennes, Stony Point, Newtown, Charleston,
Ninety-Six, Green Spring Farm, and Gloucester.
  BON Scenario Disk 8: Includes the battles of Toulon,
Mondovi, Friedland, Ebelsberg, Talavera, Polotsk, Lutzen, La
Rothiere, Lundy's Lane, and Gilly.
   BON Scenario Disk 9: Includes the battles of Valmy, Lodi,
Nicopolis,    Elchingen,    Sacile,    Bussaco,    Berezina,
Liebertwolkwitz, Montmirail, Villere Plantation
   BON  Ancients Scenario Disk 10 : Includes the battles  of
Marathon,  Thermopylae, Plataea, Delium,  Mantinea,  Cunaxa,
Leuctra, Herkleon
   BON  Ancients Scenario Disk 11: Includes the  battles  of
Chaeronea,  Granicus, Issus, Gaugamela,  Hydaspes,  Asculum,
Raphia, Pydna


            For more information please contact:
                              
                        David Landrey
                      Novastar Game Co.
                        P.O. Box 1813
                      Rocklin, CA 95677
                       (916) 624-7113



